Run-resisting knitted fabric



Sept. 15, 1942.

c. A. KAUFMAN RUN-RESISTING KNIT TED FABRIC Filed June 7, 1941 3Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR f/W c. A. KAUFMAN 2,295,793

. Sept. 15, 1942.

c. A. KAUFMAN v RUN-RESISTING KNITTED FABRIC Sept. 15, 1942.

Filed June 7, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 I Patented Sept. 15, 1942 UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE RUN-RESISTING KNITTED FABRIC Charles AugustKaufman, New York, N. Y. Application June 7, 1941, Serial No. 397,094

16 Claims.

.This invention relates to knitted fabrics, particularly to weft knitfabrics so constructed as to resist or prevent runs which ordinarilyresult from the breaking of a yarn in plain knit fabric. The inventionmay find its most general applicationto hosiery fabric of the characterproduced upon knitting machines of the Cotton" type.

An important object of the invention is to produce a run-resistingknitted fabric in whichspecially formed loops of yarn, which may becalled a binder yarn, are interlooped with the plain knitted loops whichform the body of the fabric in such a manner as to provide, with respectto every plain knitted loop of selected courses or of every course, apositive connection between each loop of each wale and another loopofanother wale.

A further object of the invention is to incor-' porate such arun-resisting binder yarn in the loops of selected courses of a plainknit fabric without alteration or distortion of the basic knittedstructure and in such manner that the fabric will still have thenecessary elasticity or stretchability.

in the preferred procedure by which the fabric of yarn forming the loopsof courses I to 5 respectively are designated by. letters A to Einclusive. The knitted structure thus far described is the usual plainknit fabric which may be referred to as the basic knitted structure.

In Figure 1 a binder yarn is shown interlooped in every course of thebasic fabric. The binder yarn which appears in courses I and 2 isdesignated a, that which appears in courses 2 and 3 is designated b, andthose which appear in the remaining coursesare designated 0' and drespectively.

A further object of the invention is to provide a run-resisting fabricwhich can readily be produced upon a fiat knitting machine of the Cottontype provided with the usual transfer or lace mechanism and havingordinary transfer points arranged for every needle as hereinafterdescribed.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention has been selected forpurposes of illustration and description and a preferred procedure, bywhich such illustrative embodiment maybe produced, will be described.The preferred procedure or method herein disclosed is the subject matterof a co-pending application filed by me wherein the said method isclaimed. Certain modifications thereof will also be described, but itwill be apparent to those skilled in the art of knitting that theinvention is susceptible of embodiment, and may be produced by procedure, not specifically described herein.

In the accompanying drawings, I

Figure 1 is a. fragmentary plan view of the reverse side or back of apiece of knitted fabric embodying the present invention, showing theupper side of the fabric as it would appear on a knitting machine whenviewed from the front thereof.

Figures 2 to 7 inclusive are diagrammatic elevations,

From an examination of courses I and 2 beginning at the lower left handcorner of Figure 1, it will be observed that the binder yarn a extendsupwardly from the further side of the fabric through the needle loop ofyarn A in wale III,

in perspective, illustrating certain steps over one leg of this loop,and over and loosely around one leg of the needle loop of yarn A in waleI I, returning on the under side of the fabric under the point ofengagement-of yarn A and yarn B at the junction of courses I and 2.

Thereafter the binder yarn again comes to the upper side of the fabricthrough the sinker loop of yarn B in wale 20, only half of which isshown, and then passes loosely over the two legs of the needle loop ofyarn B in wale l0 and downwardly through the sinker loop of this yarn inwale 2|. The binder yarn a then passes upwardly through the needle loopof yarn A in wale II, and its position with respect to the remainingloops of basic yarn in courses I and 2 is respectively the same asheretofore described with respect to the preceding loops of these twocourses.

A further examination of Figure 1 reveals that the described structureis duplicated with respect to yarns B and C in courses 2 and 3, exceptfor the fact that the direction of the loops of binder .yarn' b arereversed laterally with respect to the loops of binder yarn a. Startingat the right margin of the figure, it will be seen that the binder yarnb extends upwardly through the needle loop of yarn B in wale l3, acrossthe left leg of this loop and the right leg of the adjoining needle loopin Wale l2, there going down through the needle loop of yarn B in walel2, loosely engaging the right leg of this needle loop and returning onthe furtherside of the fabric to, and coming upwardly through, thesinker loop of yarn C in wale 24, only half of which is shown.Thereafter the binder yarn 1) passes loosely over both legs of theneedle loop of yarn C in wale l3,

, downwardly through the sinker loop of this :yam

in wale 23 and upwardly through the needle loop of yarn Bin wale l2,after which the relationof the binder yam to the succeeding loops ofbasic yarn in courses 2 and 3 is a repetition of that heretoforedescribed with respect to the preceding loops.

Figure 1 shows th described structure of the binder yarn a in connectionwith the yarns A and B forming courses I and 2, repeated by the binderyarn c and the yarns C and D forming courses 3 and 4, and the structuredescribed with respect to binder yarn b and yarns B and ,C in courses 2and 3, repeated by binder yarn d in connection with yarns D and E incourses 4 and 5.

It will be seen that this structure provides a positive engagement ofevery needle and every sinker loop by a binder yarn so that upon thebreaking of any loop of the basic knitted fabric, whether said ruptureoccurs in a needle loop or a sinker loop, a run will be checkedregardless of whether it occurs in a needle Wale or in a sinker wale.For example, let it be assumed that the needle loop of yarn C in wale I2is broken. This would normally release the needle loop of yarn B in walel2 and start a run in the direct-ion of course i, but in the describedstructure the needle loop of yarn B in wale 12 will be held from pullingthrough the next succeeding needle loop by the binder yarn b where itpasses through this needl loop in course 2 and also where it passesaround the right leg of this needle loop in course 2. I

By way of further example, let it be assumed thatthe sinker loop of yarnB in sinker Wale 22 becomes broken. This would normally release thesinker loop of yarn C in Wale 22 and start a run in the direction ofcourse 5, but the binder yarn b passes through the sinker loop of yarn Cin ,course 3 and also engages the left leg of this sinker loop in course3, thereby holding the unbroken loop and preventing it from releasingthe next succeeding sinker loop in wale 22 of course 4. v

It will be observed that the binder yarn has been introduced into thebasic fabric so that it does not normally constitute an essentialcomponent of that fabric. If all loops of the basic yarn remain intact,the binder yarn may be broken or even removed without disrupting thebasic fabric. The binder yarn. is interlooped withthe basic yarn withoutincreasing the: length of the basic fabric or necessarily distorting ordisplacing any of the loops of the basic yarn.

Examining the structure of Figure 1 with particular reference to theeffect of the binder yarn upon elasticity or stretchability, it will beunderstood that as the fabric is stretched in Wale-wise directiomeachcourse becomes wider by an increase in length of the vertical componentsof the basic knitted loops, and that the binder yarn will not restrainthis widening of theecnurses because it extends across the fabric inapproximately course-wise direction, with the loops of the binder yarnjnrelatively loose engagement the binder yarn are free to straighten outand assume a position more nearly horizontal than that shown in Figurel, and thus increase the effective length of the binder yarn between themargins of the basic knitted fabric.

The embodiment of the invention selected for illustration in Figure 1shows the binder yarn in every course of the fabric so that every loopof the basic fabric in every course is engaged by the binder yarn, butobviously the binder yarn may be omitted at intervals as desired whileretaining to a lessened extent the benefits of this invention. Forexample, a structure like that of Figure 1 except for the omission ofthe binder yarns b and 41, would have desirable runresisting properties,and the binder yarn would stop a run in either direction at a point inthe course next following the course in which a break occurred, if thebreak occurred in a loop not engaged by a binder yarn, or in the secondsucceeding course, if the break occurred in a loop engaged by a binderyarn. In some instances it might even be desirable to separate theinsertion of the binder yarn by more than one intervening course of thebasic fabric, or to confine therinsertion of binder yarns to selectedpairs of courses in some particular part of the fabric. Wherever thebinder yarn is thus inserted the direction of the binder loops, which isthe same throughout any one pair of courses, may be predetermined asdesired.

The loops of the binder yarn'a' are shown in Figure 1 extendingdiagonally to the right from course 2 to course I, and those of the yarnb diagonally tothe left from course 3 ;to course 2; The same alternationof direction is continued regularly throughout succeeding courses of thefabric shown, but these loops may all extend in the same direction ifdesired. For example, if the yarns B, b, D and d were not present inFigure 1, and the yarns A, C and E were directly interlooped with eachother. to form the basic knitted fabric, with binder yarns a and cengaged therewith in the manner shown, a structure ,would be provided inwhich the loops of binder yarn all extended diagonally in thesamedirection. T

The fabric shown in Figure 1 may be knitted on a flat knitting machineof the previously mentioned type from one cone of yarn to form the basicfabric, and the same yarn from the same cone may be interlooped uponitself in the manner hereinafter described to form the binder yarn. Inother words, a single yarn may be laid back and forth and, in the mannerhereinafter described, it may be formed into basic loops or binder loopsas desired. The yarn may readily be laid as a binder yarn after everycourse or after. any selected number of courses of the basic fabric, aswill readily be understood.

Two or more yarns from different cones may be used, particularly if itisdesired to employ as a. binder a yarn differing from the yarn of thebasic knitted fabric, as for example, a somewhat thinner or finer yarn.When employing a. different binder yarn, it is practicable to draw thebasic yarn for alternate courses from two separate cones and the binderyarn from a third cone. Two of the yarns may be alike to form the basicfabric and the third may be the yarn selected to form the binder. Thethree yarnsfrom different cones may then be inserted in regularalternation as in the well known three carrier knitting operation, thebinder yarn being inserted after every second course of the basic yarn.When the three yarns from different cones have been thus laid andinterlooped as hereinafter described, a structure differing from thatshown in Figure 1 will result. The two yarns which may be alike willappear as the basic fabric yarns A and B respectively, and again asyarns C and D of Figure 1, while the other yarn will appear as binderyarn a and again as binder yarn c'- of Figure 1. Operating in thismanner the finished fabric will not contain any yarns corresponding tobinder yarns b and d of Figure 1, but only binder yarns corresponding to'a' and c' which will have been introduced after every second course ofthe basic yarn. Such a structure wherein all. yarns are alike may alsobe produced advantageously from three cones of yarn by the three carrieroperation just described.v

The foregoing and other arrangements of a thinner or different binderyarn with relation to the basic yarn may be effected without the use ofthe Well known idle course operation. If idle course operation isemployed and the req uisite number of carriers are available, two yarnscan be laid successively from the same side of the machine and thereforea thinner or differ-- ent yarn or any one of a group of yarns, may beintroduced as a binder whenever desired, and any one of another group ofyarns may be introduced to form the basic fabric. Proceeding in thismanner a structure, as for example that shown in Figure 1, could beproduced wherein the binder yarns a to 41 inclusive may be drawn fromone or more cones of binder yarn, and the basic yarns A to E inclusivemay also be drawn from one or more cones of basic yarn.

Having thus described certain run-resisting fabrics embodying thepresent invention, there will now be described, by particular referenceto Figures 2 to 7 inclusive, a practicable and illustrative sequence ofoperation of the usual knitting instrumentalities by which the fabric ofthis invention maybe formed. Inasmuch as it is intended that theseoperations should be carried out upon fiat knitting machines of wellknown types, as for exampleupon the well known Reading machine, it isunnecessary toshow all of the standard parts which cooperate with eachother during these operations, and the showing is limited to afew'needles of the usual type and a few corresponding transfer points ofthe usual type; it being understood that in practice a transfer point isprovided for each needle mounted in the needle bar, except as hereinafter pointed out. The needles and transfer points are operated in themanner hereinafter described to bring about the interlooping of thebinder yarn or yarns with the yarn or yarns forming the basic knittedfabric.

. It is well known that flat knitting machines of the type mentioned areprovided with a main cam shaft mounting contoured cams which actuate thevarious knitting instrumentalities, and that such cams for each of thevarious knitting instrumentalities are so shapedand synchronized as tocause their respective knitting instrumentalities to function in theusual predetermined and specified manners. One group of cams is usuallylaid out to actuate the knitting instrumentalities in respect to theirfunctions in the ordinary knitting cycle, whereas another group of cams,mounted on the main cam shaft directly adjacent to the first group, isusually laid out to function during lace, transfer or narrowingoperations. Either group of cams may be brought into operating positionthrough the shogging movement of the main cam shaft upon which bothgroups of cams are mounted. To actuate the knitting instrumentalities inrespect to their movements as hereinafter described, each cam of thatgroup of cams functioning during the transfer operation may be alteredin contour so as to impart the described movements to their respectiveknitting instrumentalities in synchronized relation each to the otherwhen the knitting machine is shogged to said group of cams from theordinary knitting cycle, ,or the knitting machine may be provided with athird group of cams each placed on the main cam shaft adjacent to acorresponding cam of the first group but on the opposite side thereof inrespect to the second group, and the selective mechanism of the knittingmachine may be arranged to bring into operation any of the three groupsof cams when desired. Each cam of the second and third group of cams maybe contoured and arranged in respect to each other'so as to permit theknitting instrumentalities controlled by each group respectively, tofunction successively and in synchronized relation in the mannerhereinafter described.

Referring to Figure 2, a series of needles N to N inclusive, of theusual spring beard type are shown diagrammatically. Yarn A, which is oneof those forming the basic knitted fabric, is looped upon the needles asit would appear at the beginning of the sequence of operations about tobe described.

Figure 3 also shows the needles and a corresponding series of transferpoints P to P of the usual type. come a binder yarn, is shown as itwould appear after having been laid across the bank of needles andindented and measured in loose course formation between the needles bythe sinkers and dividers which are assumed to be present but are notshown. It is not intended that the exact extent of the indentation andmeasurement of the yarn a should be indicated by Figure 3 or anysubsequent figure of the drawings; the illustration being more or lessdiagrammatic. In actual practice a. suflicient length of yarn a will bemeasured and indented so that there will be enough yarn between adjacentneedles to permit the transfer of basic loops as hereinafter describedand to allow the binder yarn to lie relatively loosely within thefinished basic fabric without distorting or straining the normal loopsof that fabric. In the fabric illustrated in Figure 1 it will beobserved that a greater length of yarn Yarn a, which is intended tobferring operation.

hold this yarn against the shanks of the needles in position to begrasped by the hooks of the needles. The needles will now descend andwhen the hooks have grasped the yarn a, the transfer points P and thebeards of the needles will be brought together in the customary mannerin order to close the beards of'the descending needles before they reachthe previously formed loops of the yarn A which are resting in the usualmanner upon the knocking over bits, assumed to be present but not shown.This step is indicated 'in Figure 4 wherein it will be observed that theheard of each needle is closed around the binder yarn a.

As the needles and points descend together from the position shown inFigure 4 to that shown in Figure 5, the sinkers and dividers having beensufliciently retracted, the points P together with the beards of theneedles containing yarn a will pass through the loops of the yarn A. Theneedles and points may now be disengaged and, as during the usualtransfer cycle, moved upward with the loops of the yarn A held upon thepoints P, while the binder yarn a is still held in the hooks of theneedles.

The loops of'yarn A are on points P and may be simultaneouslytransferred in the same direction from one needleto the next, either tothe left or right as desired, while each loop of the binder yarn acontinues to be held by the hook of the needle upon which it was formed.The loops of yarn A may be transferred despite the fact that a loop ofyarn a passes through each needle loop of yarn A. sufficient length ofbinder yarn a shall have been measured to permit this transfer to takeplace. Thus in Figure 6 the loops of yarn A are engaged by the points Pduring the transfer of each of these loops from the needle upon which itwas formed to the needle next adjoining on the right. The relativemovement of the points and needles is such thateach loop of the basicfabric, except possibly the outermost loop, is lifted, moved to theright, and placed upon the next adjacent needle over a loop of yarn astill held by the needle upon which it was formed. The transferringisthereupon completed by movement of the points P and the needles N asin the usual transfer cycle. This will leave the several loops of yarnsA and a on the needles as shown in Figure '1; the loops of yarn a beingheld on their original needles respectively while the loops of yarn Aare held on the needles next adjacent to the right above the loops ofyarn a'. In this figure an additional needle N not heretoforeillustrated, is shown in engagement with the loop of the basic knittedfabric transferred from needle N This figure also shows at the left indotted lines another loop which, it may be assumed, has been transferredto the needle N from a needle next adjoining it on the left by atransfer point now shown in dotted lines above this needle. In orderthat the loop of yarn A at the edge of preventing such casting off is toarrange the transfer points so that while a loop may be formed on theoutermost needle, no point will be provided to remove that loop duringthe trans- There are now two loops on each needle shown 1 one loop ofthe yarn a It is important that a I in Figure '1, namely, one loop ofthe yarn A over possibly at the edge of the fabric, of the basic yarnplaced on the same needle. will be observed that the yarn a has beenbrought into the position shown in Figure ,7 without increasing theknitted, and that it lies within the course formed by yarn A withoutdistorting any of the loops of the basic fabric. The loops of the yarn aat this stage lie generally across the fabric, extending downwardlythrough each needle loop of the basic fabric, and around the shank of anadjacent needle. The needles with the two yams A and a thereon are nowin such position that the next course of the basic fabric may be knittedby the usual sequence of operations while the transfer pointsremaininactive and out of contact with the needles.

are two loops With the needles in raised position and the be drawn downthrough the loops of yarns A and a, after which these loops will be castoff the needles by the normal action of the usual instrumentalities anda single course of new undistorted basic loops will thus be added to thefabric.

After the knitting of the last mentioned course, the fabric will takethe form shown in Figure 1, assuming that the yarns A, a and B are theyarns which have been laid, interlooped and knitted as just described,and that the remainder of the fabric has not yet been knitted.

If it is desired to introduce the binder yarn b as shown in Figure 1,the sequence of operations heretofore described will be repeated exceptthat when the loops of yarn B are held by the points P, the points willbe shifted to the left and will transfer the loops of the basic fabricto the left instead of to the right. This will have the effect ofreversing the direction of the loops of the binder yarn shown in Figure'7. As previously fabric by the usual sequence of operations, the

binder yarn b will appear in the fabric as shown in Figure 1.

If it is desired to produce a fabric in which the loops of binder yarnsall lie in the same direction in every pair of courses, or in selectedpairs of courses of the basic fabric, the points P will transfer loopsof each such course of the basic yarn in the same direction after eachbinder yarn has been laid. For example, if the transferring operationfirst described is repeated, the yarn b will take a position in thefinished fabric in relation to yarns B and C which is in all respects aduplication of the position of yarn a in relation to yarns A and B. Ifit is not desired to have the binder yarn in every pair of courses, theknitting of several courses of yarn of the basic fabric in the regularmanner may follow the introduction of each binder yarn.

Having thus described the novel fabric of the invention and a preferredprocedure for its production, it'will be understood that the inventionmay be variously modified and embodied within the scope ofthe subjoinedclaims.

I claim as my invention:

1. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic-yarn interlooped inplain knit courses of.

but in no case, except length of the fabric being regular undistortedneedle loops and sinker loops, and binder yarn extending substantiallyfrom edge to edge 'of the fabric in selected pairs of adjoining courseswherein both legs of every needle loop and sinker loop are engaged inregularly repeated sequence by the binder yarn which is looped aroundboth legs of a needle loop in one course of each pair of courses andaround both legs of an adjacent sinker loop in the other course of eachpair of courses.

2. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising two different yarns, onebeing basic yarn interlooped in plain knit courses of regularundistorted needle loops and sinker loops, and the other being thinnerbinder yarn extending substantially from edge to edge of the fabric inselected pairs of adjoining courses of the, thicker basic yarn whereinboth legs of every needle loop and sinker loop are engaged in regularlyrepeated sequence by the thinner binder yarn which"is looped around bothlegs of a needle loop in one course of each pair of courses and aroundboth legs of an adjacent sinker loop in the other course of each pair ofcourses. I 3. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic yarninterlooped in plain knit courses of regular undistorted needle loopsand sinker loops, and binder yarn extending substantially from edge toedge of the fabric in every pair of adjoining courses throughout asubstantial portion of the fabric wherein both legs of every needle loopand sinker loop are engaged in regularly repeated sequence by the binderyarn. which is looped around both legs of a needle loop in one course ofeach pair of courses and around both legs of an adjacent sinker loop inthe other course of each pair of courses.

4. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic yarn interlooped inplain knit courses of regular undistorted needle loops and sinker loops,

and a binder yarn extending substantially from edge to edge of thefabric in joining courses throughout a substantial portion of the fabricwherein both legs of every needle loop and sinker loop are engaged inregularly repeated sequence by the binder yarn which is looped aroundboth legs of a needle loop in one course of each pair of courses andaround both legs of an adjacent sinker loop in the other course selectedpairs of adof each pair of courses, the said sinker loop of eachsequence being adjacent the said needle loop on one side throughout oneof said pairs of courses and on the opposite side throughout the nextpair of courses.

5. Run-resisting fabric comprising a plurality of plain knit courses ofbasic yarn in regular formation having interlooped therewith in selectedpairs of courses binder yarn which extends through every sinker loop ofone course and through every needle loop of the previously knittedcourse of each selected pair of courses in the following order, namely,through a sinker loop of one course, through two needle loops of thepreviously knitted course, back through the first mentioned sinker loopin the first mentioned course and thence directly across the interveningneedle loop in the first mentioned course to the next sinker loop insaid course.

6. Run-resisting fabric comprising a plurality of plain knit courses ofbasic yarn in regular formation having interlooped therewith in everypair of adjoining courses throughout a substantial portion of the fabricbinder yarn which extends through every sinker loop of one course andthrough every needle loop of the previously knitted course of each pairof courses in the following order, namely, through a sinker loop of onecourse, through two needle loops of the previously knitted course, backthrough the first mentioned sinker loop in the first mentioned courseand thence directlyacross the intervening needle loop in the firstmentioned course to the next sinker loop in said course.

'7. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic yarn interlooped inplain knit courses of regular undistorted needle loops and sinker loops,

and binder yarn for selected courses extending substantially from edgeto edge of the fabric in a series of loops having legs of unequal lengthwith one bight engaging both legs of a needle loop in one course of thefabric and the other bight engaging both legs of an adjoining sinkerloop in an adjoining course of the fabric.

8. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic yarn interlooped inplain knit courses of regular undistorted needle loops and sinker loops,and binder yarn for selected courses extending substantially from edgeto edge of the fabric in a series of loops having legs of unequal lengthwith the longer leg of each binder loop extending on the back of thefabric across both legs of a needle loop and through the adjoiningsinker loop to the face of the fabric in one course and then extendingthrough an adjoining needle loop in an adjoining course to the back ofthe fabric and thence to the next needle loop in said adjoining course,the shorter leg of each said binder loop extending on the face of thefabric across both legs of the first mentioned needle loop in the firstmentioned course to the first mentioned needle loop in said adjoiningcourse.

9. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic yarn interlooped inplain knit courses of regular undistorted needle loops and sinker loops,and binder yarn for every course extending substantially from edge toedge of the fabric throughout a substantial portion thereof in a seriesof loops having legs of unequal length with the longer leg of eachbinder loop extending on the back of the fabric across both legs of aneedle loop and through the adjoining sinker loop to the face of thefabric in one course and then extending through an adjoining needle loopin an adjoining course to the back of the fabric and thence to the nextneedle loop in said adjoining course, the shorter leg of each saidbinder loop extending on the face of the fabric across both legs of thefirst mentioned needle loop in the first mentioned course to the firstmentioned needel loop in said adjoining course.

10. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic yarn interlooped inregular plain knit undistorted needle loops and sinker loops arranged inwales and courses, and binder yarn interlooped with the basic yarn inselected pairs of adjoining courses in a series of S-shaped loopsextending substantially from edge to edge of the fabric, each said loopof binder yarn having legs of unequal length one of which extends acrossfour wales in two adjoining courses partly on the back and partly on theface of the fabric while the other leg extends across only two of saidwales in the same two courses but entirely on the faceof the fabric.

11. Run-resisting knitted fabric comprising basic yarn interlooped inregular plain knit undistorted needle loops and sinker loops arranged inwales and courses, and binder yarn interlooped with the basic yarn inevery pair of adjoining courses throughout a substantial portion of thefabric in a series of S-shaped' loops vextending substantially from edgeto edge of the fabric, each said loop of binder yarn having legs ofunequal length one of which extends across four wales in two adjoiningcourses partly on the back and partly on the face of the fabric, whilethe other leg extends across only two of said wales in the same twocourses but entirely on the face of the fabric.

12. Run-resisting knitted fabric according to claim 11 wherein thelegsof each loop of binder yarn are substantially parallel throughoutany given pair of courses and extend in one common direction throughoutselected pairs of courses and in another common direction throughout theintervening pairs of courses.

13. Run-resisting fabric comprising a. plurallowing order, namely,through a sinker loop of ity of plain knit courses of basic yarn inregular formation having interlooped therewith in selected pairs ofcourses binder yam which extends through every sinker loop of one courseand through every needle loop of the previously knitted course of eachselected pair of courses in the following order, namely, through asinker loop of one course, thence along one side of the fabric to aneedle loop of a non-adjacent wale in the previously knitted course,through said needle loop and along the other side of the fabric to aneedle loop of the adjacent wale in the said one course. thence alongone side of the fabric to a needle loop of a non-adjacent wale in thepreviously knitted course, through said needle loop and along the otherside of the fabric to a needle loop of the adjacent wale in the saidpreviously knitted course, through said 'last mentioned needle loop,through said first mentioned sinker loop and thence to the next sinkerloop in the first mentioned course.

15. Run-resisting knitted fabric according to claim 7 wherein the binderyarn is thinner than the basic yarn.

16. Run-resisting knitted fabric according to claim 8 wherein the binderyarn is thinner than the basic yarn.

CHARLES AUGUST KAUFMAN.

